STATEMENT: HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE (a) I have finished my work. (b) The students have finished Chapter 5. (c) Jim has eaten lunch. | The basic form of the present perfect: have or has + the past participle. Use have with I, you, we, they, or plural noun (e.g., students). Use has with she, he, it, or singular noun (e.g., Jim). With pronouns, have is contracted to apostrophe + ve (‘ve) and has to apostrophe + s (‘s). |
(d) I’ve/You’ve/We’ve/They’ve eaten lunch. (e) She’s/He’s eaten lunch. (f) It’s been cold for the last three days. | |
NEGATIVE: HAVE/HAS + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE (g) I have not (haven’t) finished my work. (h) Ann has not (hasn’t) eaten lunch. | have + not = haven’t has + not = hasn’t |
QUESTION: HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE (i) Have you finished your work? (j) Has Jim eaten lunch? (k) How long have you lived here? | In a question, the helping verb (have or has) precedes the subject. |
(l) A: Have you seen that movie? B: Yes, I have. OR: No, I haven’t. (m) A: Has Jim eaten lunch? B: Yes, she has. OR: No, she hasn’t. | The helping verb (have or has) is used in a short answer to a yes/no question. The helping verb in the short answer is not contracted with the pronoun. |
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